Mycenaean Civilization Essay -- World History

Mycenaean Civilization The Mycenaean civilization flourished for four hundred years in the late Bronze Age before collapsing in to small bands of subsistence farmers. Some historians attribute this decline to ‘the Sea People’ who terrorized the Egyptians, Anatolians and the Hittites. But could a mysterious people who left no archeological proof of their existence really bring about the collapse of entire civilizations? Mycenaean civilization is characterized by the large palace-like buildings that they created. These huge structures contained dozens of rooms used for a variety of purposes. The rooms were used for everything from industry to meeting places and even sleeping quarters. The main function of these palatial buildings seemed to be economical. From clay tablets that have been accidentally preserved through fire historians know that the Mycenaean employed a ‘palace economy.’ The tablets, written in an ancient script called Linear B, are mostly records of good coming in and out of the palace. A palace economy was maintained by trading the surplus of goods produced by farmers and craftsmen with other cities around the eastern Mediterranean. Mycenaean pottery has been found in ancient sites in Palestine and Syria as well as Miletus, Rhodes and Egypt and it is a testament to the extent of trade that Mycenaean had with other cultures . It was essential that the trade routes be kept safe in order to maintain the flow of goods. By about 1300bce Mycenaean wares had been so standardized that regional differences were impossible to detect . This suggests tha t during the late Bronze Age, Mycenaean culture had become increasingly unified economically. The tablets found at Pylos suggest that Mycenaean must have used slaves to d... ...at fragile. A collapse in trade due in part to overspecialization and increasing aggression by the ‘Sea People’ and others, catalyzed by natural disasters eventually led to the economic collapse of the eastern Mediterranean market. After this the large palaces with their complex administration were no longer needed and could no longer be sustained. People simply abandoned to cities and went back to subsistence farming until they slowly rekindled an empire. REFERENCES Huxley, G.L.. Achaeans and Hittites. Oxford, The Queen’s University. 1965. Palmer, Leonard R.. Mycenaeans and Minoans. London, Faber and Faber. 1961. Sanders, N.K.. The Sea Peoples. London, Thames and Hudson. 1978. Velikovsky, Immanuel. Peoples of the Sea. Garden City, Doubleday & Company. 1977. Wood, Michael. In Search of the Trojan War. London, British Broadcasting Corporation. 1985. Mycenaean Civilization Essay -- World History Mycenaean Civilization The Mycenaean civilization flourished for four hundred years in the late Bronze Age before collapsing in to small bands of subsistence farmers. Some historians attribute this decline to ‘the Sea People’ who terrorized the Egyptians, Anatolians and the Hittites. But could a mysterious people who left no archeological proof of their existence really bring about the collapse of entire civilizations? Mycenaean civilization is characterized by the large palace-like buildings that they created. These huge structures contained dozens of rooms used for a variety of purposes. The rooms were used for everything from industry to meeting places and even sleeping quarters. The main function of these palatial buildings seemed to be economical. From clay tablets that have been accidentally preserved through fire historians know that the Mycenaean employed a ‘palace economy.’ The tablets, written in an ancient script called Linear B, are mostly records of good coming in and out of the palace. A palace economy was maintained by trading the surplus of goods produced by farmers and craftsmen with other cities around the eastern Mediterranean. Mycenaean pottery has been found in ancient sites in Palestine and Syria as well as Miletus, Rhodes and Egypt and it is a testament to the extent of trade that Mycenaean had with other cultures . It was essential that the trade routes be kept safe in order to maintain the flow of goods. By about 1300bce Mycenaean wares had been so standardized that regional differences were impossible to detect . This suggests tha t during the late Bronze Age, Mycenaean culture had become increasingly unified economically. The tablets found at Pylos suggest that Mycenaean must have used slaves to d... ...at fragile. A collapse in trade due in part to overspecialization and increasing aggression by the ‘Sea People’ and others, catalyzed by natural disasters eventually led to the economic collapse of the eastern Mediterranean market. After this the large palaces with their complex administration were no longer needed and could no longer be sustained. People simply abandoned to cities and went back to subsistence farming until they slowly rekindled an empire. REFERENCES Huxley, G.L.. Achaeans and Hittites. Oxford, The Queen’s University. 1965. Palmer, Leonard R.. Mycenaeans and Minoans. London, Faber and Faber. 1961. Sanders, N.K.. The Sea Peoples. London, Thames and Hudson. 1978. Velikovsky, Immanuel. Peoples of the Sea. Garden City, Doubleday & Company. 1977. Wood, Michael. In Search of the Trojan War. London, British Broadcasting Corporation. 1985.

Essay on the Enlightenment

Enlightenment Essay The Enlightenment may have happened a long time ago, ideas of the thinkers of that era have shaped and influenced ideas of today. Thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke may have directly influenced the government of the United States. Montesquieu argued that the best government would be one whose power was balanced between three groups of officials. He thought England – which divided power between the king (who enforced laws), Parliament (which made laws), and the judges of the English courts (who interpreted laws) – was a good model of this. Separation of powers† was what Montesquieu called this idea of dividing government power into three branches. He thought it most important to create separate branches of government with equal but different powers. Because this, the government would never place too much power with one individual or group of individuals. He wrote, â€Å"When the [law making] and [law enforcement] powers ar e united in the same person†¦ there can be no liberty. † Montesquieu said each branch of government could limit the power of the other two branches.Therefore, no branch of the government could threaten the freedom of the people. His ideas about separation of powers became the basis for the United States Constitution. Voltaire was a French essayist, novelist, poet, and political reformer, just to name a few things. He advocated Religious and social tolerance, which are two things our own government believes in. Voltaire was a proponent of personal liberty and freedom of speech, he said the famous statement â€Å"I disagree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. Freedom of speech is the first amendment in our constitution, and the fourth amendment is the right to personal liberty. One of his more controversial beliefs was the separation of church and state, which we belief in today. This belief was one of the beliefs that landed Voltaire in prison, and ultimately exile. The Social Contract was one of Rosseau’s most important ideas. Rousseau believed that society and government created a social contract where their goals were freedom and benefit to the public.Government’s existence depended on the will of the people. The social order was based on general will, a shared belief in a common set of interest. He believed that in a democracy, the general will of the democratic people, expressed in the way of a majority vote, to make all the decisions. The general will was also a form of freedom, and the purpose of law was to combine the general will with the desires of the people. These ideas on democracy, general will, and freedom are found in our own government today.Locke was one of the most influential philosophers of the Enlightenment. He believed that bâ€Å"y nature men are free, and that God made it so people need a leader. He argued people have rights. Those rights include right to life, liberty, and property. He used this claim to promote the idea of the social contract, so people can enjoy there right to comfortably enjoy there lives, liberty, and property. Locke also said that governments existed to protect the people and promote public good so governments who don’t do that should be replaced  with new governments.He said people had a right to revolution. Locke also denied the idea of divine right. All these ideas are found in the constitution. The right to revolution was especially important to the colonists, because they believed the British government was not a good one, so they wanted to replace it with their own new form of government. It was a time of absolute monarchies and tyranny in Europe. The US constitution was a reaction to that, a very republican, representative constitution.Also, it was a time when people were persecuted or even exiled, for having a religious belief other than the one of the government, the constitution reacted to that. It’s als o federalist because the US at the time was very decentralized in terms of communities, people wanted to retain self-governance, rather than hand it off to far away England. Many other things in the constitution were different than the beliefs of the governments in Europe, and the colonists wanted to change that. That is how the constitution reflects the times it was written in.

Erik Erikson s All The World s A Stage - 1528 Words

Assignment Two: â€Å"All the World’s a Stage† Psychologist, Erik Erikson, contributed a fundamentally significant theory which emphasizes eight stages of human development that unfold through an individual’s life. In each stage, a developmental task brings upon a unique crisis that must be resolved. Solving this crisis is especially crucial, for it determines how healthy ones development is (Santrock, 2012). In each stage, Erikson emphasizes certain important events such as feeding, toilet training, and schooling that must be successfully accomplished in order to resolve the conflict regarding personality and psychological skills. According to Erikson, when solving these conflicts, a distinct sense of ego develops that helps establish a sense of trust in others, develop a sense of identity in society, and help individuals prepare for the future. Erikson’s most famous work involves the epigenetic principle, which he explains to be the functioning source for human development and maturation. It is an idea that an in dividual’s development is governed by a sequence of stages that depend on genetic and heredity factors. He believes one will always continue to develop as it was intended to, as development is endless, in interrelation with its environment. Erikson further explains that as an individual takes their course through the eight stages, and witnesses the various conflicts, it is necessary to understand that each stage has certain optimal time. There is no use in trying toShow MoreRelatedErikson’S Contributions To Human Development. Erik Erikson1033 Words   |  5 PagesErikson’s Contributions to Human Development Erik Erikson was a man whose interests varied widely. He studied art and a variety of languages during his schooling. He did not prefer the atmosphere of formal schooling and decided to travel around Europe instead of going to college (â€Å"Erik Erikson†, 1997). He then returned to Germany for art school and later on taught to children who had come for Freudian training. He became Boston’s first child analyst and obtained a position at Harvard Medical SchoolRead MoreErik Erikson s Stages Of Development1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Psychosocial Development The View on Erik H. Erikson s Stages of Development Frank Phan Cosumnes River College Psychology 300 Abstract This paper will touch over the aspects of Erik H Erickson s eight stages and how they affect everyday lives from infancy to adulthood. The paper will go over the approximate ages and the psychosocial crisis that they will eventually come to. Neglecting a child can lead to a cause of mental negligence in the form of Arrested Development. Within differentRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his pediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreThe Eight Crisis Stages Of Erik Erikson Development Theory1456 Words   |  6 Pagestheorist observe these developments as a series of stages during which individuals displays qualities of behavior patterns. There are five theoretical orientation to development such as psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral and social cognitive, ethological, and ecological. 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