CAFS IRP - Depression in youth - 5596 Words

Patrick burgess IRP Depression and its affects of youth Table of contents Abstract: 5 Acknowledgements: 7 Introduction: 8 Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death experienced by an individual for over two weeks and it affects the following needs listed in the Groups in Context unit. 8 Methods of data collection: 13 Results 15 For my third question â€Å"Do you know what depression is?† the vast majority (17 out of 20) of my respondents claimed to know what depression was, however, in my fourth question where respondents were asked to define depression, only 6 had a†¦show more content†¦26 I found in my questionnaire that the majority of people (14 out of 20) did not know the true meaning of depression and considered it to be just â€Å"feeling down† which tells me that the term is being over-used as being sad is very much more common than being clinically depressed, this information was not available in the secondary resources that I studied so therefore my secondary data did not support this aspect of my hypothesis. 26 My secondary data supported most of my primary data in the way that they both told me the same things except for my question as to wether the term depression was an over-used term, which I could not find a direct answer to at all, which I thought was surprising as there is an unbelievable amount of secondary information available on the subject of depression, however a lot of the information found from different sources is the same as each other, which proved to be quite time consuming to try and find different information. 28 I had many difficulties when completing my IRP which included peoples reluctance to complete my questionnaire, as well as the time it took for the questionnaires to be returned to me plus some of the questionnaires were not returned which meant that more had to be printed and I do not have a printer so I did

Motivation and the Brain - Eating Healthy Essay - 993 Words

Running head: HEALTHY EATING Healthy Eating University of Phoenix PSY 355 Stephanie Reyes March 29, 2011 Healthy Eating Eating right is essential for positive motivation and clear thinking. The brain, specifically the hypothalamus, along with the cerebral hemisphere works closely with physiological stimulation. This includes all five of our senses, specifically speaking, taste. Explaining the brain function associated with eating, I will discuss the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, which will include heredity and involving the environment. In addition I will discuss the motivation need to succeed in eating healthy. The main function of the hypothalamus is homeostasis, or maintaining the bodys state†¦show more content†¦However, it is how we learn to eat, hereditarily speaking that gives us the tools to start out eating healthy from a young age or not. Lifelong food preference tends to start to develop while a baby is still in the mother’s womb. The strongest pattern for future food preferences is formed during the age of 9 to 19 months of age (Vera, 200 9). At this time, everything connected with food intake leaves a strong imprint on the child’s brain. Also, the baby is tasting everything with his or her mouth; toys, shoes, body parts, etc. Concurrently, the child is memorizing the experiences of his mother and fathers eating habits; what they are eating, what they are feeding the baby, their emotional reaction to the baby’s consumption of these foods all while the unsuspecting parents believe that the child does not comprehend much of what is going on. The reality is the child is forming food habits for a lifetime. Whatever the first tastes, textures, smells an sights of food are, that child will crave them for the rest of his or her life, especially in moments of distress. Because of this, it would appear that comfort food is not too far from the truth. This was often a time in a child’s life when their mom or dad focused much love and caring on them and purely through association finds its way into our adult lives when we feel emotionally distressed or needing comfort. Human behaviorShow MoreRelatedMotivation and the Brain1249 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Motivation and the Brain Paper Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Analyze the brain structures: 3 Brain functions: 4 Motivation to engage in eating healthy behavior: 5 Conclusion: 6 References: 8 Introduction: Motivation is a phenomenon in which the brain and physical function are involved through emotional and reflexes. It is a critical factor in learning, emotions, and success of an individual. It is also influenced by emotional state of a person as the evaluations and actions ofRead MoreHunger : The Hunger Of Hunger1327 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone enjoys food, it s what brings people together. Lets face it, humans are always looking for a reason to eat. 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The Basic Mechanisms of Homeostasis Free Essays

The Basic Mechanisms of Homeostasis Overview of homeostasis The term homeostasis was first coined by Walter Cannon in 1929 to literally mean ‘steady state’. It describes the dynamic equilibrium by which internal constancy is maintained within set limits by regulation and control. There are many examples of homeostatic control throughout the human body and in other living organisms, such as pH, pressure, and temperature. We will write a custom essay sample on The Basic Mechanisms of Homeostasis or any similar topic only for you Order Now A concept important to homeostasis is the process of feedback circuits; involving a receptor, an effector, and a control centre. A receptor is responsible for detecting a change in the body, while the effector corrects this. The control centre organises these two together to elicit the response. The most common form of control in homeostasis is known as negative feedback, in which an excess or deficit in a homeostatic system triggers its own regulation. The diagram below illustrates this concept in reference to the control of temperature (Figure 1). Figure 1 is a simple representation of a rather complicated process. Here, the several types of negative feedback circuits involved in temperature control have been summarised into one. The hypothalamus is a combined receptor and control centre, both recognising extremes of temperature change, and triggering bodily effectors to correct the changes. Figure 1 shows the responses to a decrease in body temperature, which directs organs to increase metabolism, thus causing shivering. Another effect would be causing hair cells on the skin to force up their hairs, creating a trapped layer of air across the body surface. Such effects should then cause the body temperature to rise to the optimal 37Â °C again, causing feedback to switch the circuit ‘off’. If this does not occur, the circuit will continue to direct effectors to warm the body because the feedback will not be switched ‘off’. Recent research, however has added another dimension to the accepted definition of homeostasis. Scientists studying circadian rhythms (24-hour bodily cycles) have pointed out that the internal environment does not have completely constant ‘normal’ set point. They have found, for example, that he set point for human body temperature varies over a 24 hour cycle, fluctuating between 36Â °C and 37Â °C. As a result of this research, current thinking suggests that while homeostasis controls the ‘minute-by-minute fluctuation in the environment’ , circadian rhythms control the body’s general programming over time. In this essay, we will concentrate on two examples of homeostasis, one that occurs in humans and one which occurs in plants. Firstly, we will discuss the control of blood glucose levels in mammals, and then will look at the role of plant stomata in regulating water loss. Example 1: Control of blood glucose levels The human body has a number of mechanisms in place to regulate the storage and release of molecules for energy. Sometimes, an individual will consume more calories than can be immediately used, so sugars will be stored in the form of glycogen (a polymer of glucose) in liver and muscle cells. Other periods of increased activity may however, require the sudden release of energy, whereby glycogen is initially oxidised from the stores in the liver. Clearly, this is another example of homeostasis and it is outlined in Figure 2. Two enzymatic hormones are utilised by the body to control the interchange of glucose as an energy molecule and glycogen as a storage molecule. The first, insulin, lowers blood glucose levels by promoting its conversion to glycogen. The second, glucagon, increases glucose levels by allowing glycogen to be phosphorylated. Both of these hormones are produced and released by specialised cells in the pancreas known as Islets of Langerhans. Insulin is released from ? -cells, and glucagon is released from ? -cells. Figure 2: Blood glucose control by insulin and glucagon If the blood glucose level is too high, more insulin and less glucagon is released. This causes cells to take in glucose from the blood, while the liver converts glucose to glycogen. During low levels of blood glucose however, glucagon release increases, activating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and glucose is released into the blood. This is a good example of negative feedback control, as the lowering of blood glucose, for example, inhibits further insulin secretion. Importantly, insulin is dependent upon calcium. This is because glucose activates calcium channels. When glucose levels are high, the subsequent release of calcium results in calcium binding to calmodulin. Together, the two molecules promote insulin vesicles to be released from the pancreas. This demonstrates the negative feedback system discussed in the overview. Example 3: Control of water loss by plants Plants need to balance their need to conserve water with their need to photosynthesise energy. Transpiration causes water to be pulled up through the plant passively as water diffuses out through the leaves. These pores are opened and closed by the action of surrounding guard cells, located as illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3: Drawing of stoma guard cells These guard cells can take on two extremes of conformation; either flaccid, to close the stoma, or turgid, to open the stoma. When guard cells take in water via osmosis, they swell, become turgid, and are forced to bulge outwards into a kidney shape, opening the stoma. They adhere to this shape both because the two cells are attached to each other at either end, and because cellulose microfibrils constrain them. However, if the guard cells lose their water content, they shrink and become flaccid, closing the stoma so that water cannot leave. The opening and closing of the stomata have been shown to be affected by light concentrations. When illuminated, the concentration of solutes in the guard cell vacuoles increases because starch is converted to malic acid, and a proton pump in the plasma membrane is stimulated. The proton pump removes hydrogen ions (H+) from the guard cells, and in response, potassium ions (K+) flow into the cell. Chloride ions (Cl-) also flow into the cell via another pump in response to the H+ concentration difference. The accumulation of these ions and malate in the vacuole of the guards cells is enough to cause the water potential to drop within the guard cells. Water then flows in by osmosis, leading to the turgidity just described and opening the pore. As this opening process occurs in light, exactly the opposite happens at night. As light is lost, channels open to conduct Cl- and K+ out of the guard cells, water is lost, and the cells become flaccid and close. Another stimulus for the closing of stomata is an emergency response to the plant wilting from lack of water. In this case, CO2 concentration increases inside the leaf cells, and alongside the wilting, causes the plant to release the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). This diffuses into guard cells and activates the loss of Cl- and K+, effectively mimicking the night time action of the stomata. Concluding Remarks The idea of homeostasis has been well-developed since it was first identified in the mid-1900s. We have seen in this essay that feedback loops play an important part in homeostatic processes, and that the process is controlled by the action of detector and effector hormones and other molecules activated by control centres. Ongoing research also indicates that innate circadian rhythms affect the processes of homeostasis, causing the optimal set point for internal conditions to vary on a daily basis. Bibliography Alberts, B. , Bray, D. , Lewis, J. , Raff, M. , Roberts, K. , Watson, J. D. (1994). Molecular Biology of the Cell: Third Edition. Garland Publishing, U. S. A. Campbell, N. A. , Reece, J. B. Mitchell, L. G. (1999). Biology: Fifth Edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. U. S. A. Foster, R. Kreitzman, L. (2004). Rhythms of Life: The biological clocks that control the daily lives of every living thing. Profile Books, London. Givens, P. , Reiss, M. , Rowland, M. (1996). Human Biology and Health Studies. Nelson, Surrey. Jurd, R. D. (1997). Instant Notes in Animal Biology. BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford. Rost, T. L. , Barbour, M. G. , Stocking, C. R. , Murphy, T. M (1998). Plant Biology. Wadsworth Publishing Company, USA. Van De Graaff, K. M. Fox, S. I. (1999). Concepts of Human Anatomy Physiology. McGraw Hill, USA. Webpage: Physiological ecology: functional responses to environment. Accessed 16/03/2005. http://www. ecology. botany. ufl. edu/. .. /homeostasis. html Webpage: Class Notes (2002). Accessed 17/03/2005. http://www. msu. edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/classnotes_032802. html Webpage: No title. Accessed 17/03/2005. http://www. puc. edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botgloss. htm How to cite The Basic Mechanisms of Homeostasis, Essay examples

Effect on Parents of Children with Mental Health Illness

Question: Discuss about theEffect on Parents of Children with Mental Health Illness. Answer: Introduction Mental illness is a psychological condition that is chronic and should be dealt with appropriately to prevent harm to the society, oneself and to nearby members of the family. Especially, when a child is mentally challenged the problem can be a huge setback for the parents. Mental health disorder among children is a concern for the society and parents both. It is estimated that around 15 million children can be diagnosed with some form of mental health disorder (Organization, Association, Child, Psychiatry, Professions, 2005). Many other may be at risk due to their family, society, community, schools or due to genetic predisposition. Therefore there is a great need of intervention by professionals and parents both so as to enable them to live a life that is close enough to being normal (Kelly, Jorm, Wright, 2007). Dealing with such situation is not easy and parents have to undergo a tremendous amount of pressure and stress. The present study aims to bring about understanding physic al and psychological aspects of parenting a child with mental illness and ways to cope with such conditions so that parents could provide the best to their child. Background Growing children with mental illness, equivocally, have the right to live a normal life like their normal peer. They also need to be given equal opportunities of care and management irrespective of their social and monetary status. Based on the environment and conditions they live, parents of mentally disoriented patients need to undertake a long term commitment towards providing the best care of their child (Williams, Yu, Jackson, Anderson, 1997). This is easier said than done as there are lots of factors that can hamper the management of such children. As for example, situations may arise within the family apart from the social stigma (dosReis, Barksdale, Sherman, Maloney, Charach, 2010), that is inherent in such cases, from the society. Therefore it can be mentally and physically taxing for the parent. Apart from the psychological impact on the parents it can be economically unfavourable for the family to deal with treatment procedures which can even add up to the woes. Taking care of a child with mental illness can be demanding and may occupy most of a parents day to day life. It is an indispensable step to take care of the child suffering from the disease and at the same time the parent should not forget to take care of oneself. Since it will consume most of the time it is wise to prioritize works and challenges that one may face so that the parent does not neglect important aspects of personal life. In a study involving Chinese subjects with children suffering from mental illness it was observed that parents received a significant level of caregiver burden during the management of their childs condition. The burden is further augmented by minimal means available to cope with the burden. If the physical health of the parent and the educational level of the child is good then the coping with caregiver burden seems to be less (Liu, Lambert, Lambert, 2007). The study also indicates need for intervention by nurses to ease the burden on parents. Another very important outcome of a childs mental condition to the parents is of self-blame, grief and social stigmatisation of the self. In a number of studies (Atkinson, 1994; Godress, Ozgul, Owen, Foley-Evans, 2005; MacGregor, 1994) it has been observed that parenting a mentally ill child can cause grief as a result of inability to cope with the situation and of being constantly being reminded of the differently enabled child. However, the severity of grief tends to be normalized over time if the parent-child relationship is good (Godress et al., 2005). The extent of grief and the severity seems to be associated with parents who are psychologically weak and hampered parent-child bonding. Stigma and stigmatization remains one of the major concern for those associated with mentally ill patients. It is often a challenge for clinicians when prescribing psychiatric medications to children as the parents seem to be sceptical over it most of the time which overlooked the effective treatment that is provided (Hinshaw, 2005). This will eventually have a negative effect on the betterment of the concerned child because such parents are most likely to avoid treatment options that are available. In studies carried out on parents with children with mental illness it was estimated that around 45% of the parent feels the doctors have prescribed medications over the actual requirement to their child and another 40% agrees to that to some extent (Pescosolido, Perry, Martin, McLeod, Jensen, 2007). They also felt that long-term medication can cause developmental effects to their child. In the study majority of the parents feel that medication is a way to delay the onset of real problem s and that it blunts the personality of the patient concerned. In similar trend, parents of mentally ill patients feel that treatment procedures of mental illness given to their child will lead to reduced self-confidence of their child and may reduce their grade at school. Moreover, parents are also concerned of people of the community knowing about the treatment their child is undertaking (dosReis et al., 2010). Overall, the scenario represents stigmatization of the self and their children which can have a strong negative effect on the psychological well-being and self-esteem. It is not only psychological aspects that is affected but physical well-being can also deteriorate in the care givers, more so in older parents. The continuous stress and physical as well as psychological demands of mentally ill patient can affect the physiological condition of caregivers and can lead to increased mortality. The burden on the parents can be so severe that it can cause depressive symptoms and a low quality of life. Burden on the parents is in direct proportionality with severity of the mental condition. In a study of parents of school-age children with Asperger syndrome it was found that mothers of such children scored low in physical health than controls and that the female counterpart suffers more than the father of the patients (Allik, Larsson, Smedje, 2006). Although there are various studies on the impact on children with parents suffering from mental illness, there are limited number of studies on the impact of children with mental illness on the parents. The study tries to investigate the factors that can influence parents towards providing best care for a mentally ill child. Research Question Based on the limited numbers of literature available for reference of the study we assume that there must be significant pressure on parents of mentally ill children. The present investigation aims to find out if parenting a child with mental illness is challenging for parents compare to parents of normal children? If the mother suffers more than the father? And, if economic condition and education level can play a role in it? Research Methodology Choosing the correct research methodology will enable us to come to an unbiased conclusion to the research questions. Two of the research methodologies that are used are; quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative research approach employs a more flexible setting than the quantitative research which is always a closed-ended question to the participants. Qualitative research method, on the other hand, is less formal than quantitative and frees the participants to express their views on a given scenario rather than answering it on a scale of 1 to 10 (Abawi, 2008). The present study will employ a mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative method called the grounded theory (Strauss Corbin, 1994). The grounded theory is an inductive research method to theorize a concept based on observation rather than prove a hypothesis. The present scenario demands an inductive approach and the grounded theory suits best as this approach will enable us a good comparison between groups and a lso find out personal views of the participants to come to a conclusion. The participants will be recruited based on hospital records. At least 100 children suffering from mental illness living with both parents will be selected and another 100 normal children living with both parents will be selected. Parents of both the population should be free of any psychological ailments before and at the time of study. The participants will be made aware of the research before the time of enrolment. Questionnaire with both open ended (qualitative) and closed ended (quantitative) based on a Likert scale will be provided to the participants. The questionnaire will be short and precise and aimed to be completed with minimum pressure for the convenience of the participants as a lengthy questionnaire is less likely to be completed (Fan Yan, 2010). The quantitative data will be analysed statistically by SPSS. Ethical Consideration During the research, it is of moral responsibility for the researcher to protect the participants from any untoward events that may arise from the research. It is the obligation of the researcher to protect the identity of the participants so that the research remains unbiased and a true cause could be ascertained (Beins, 2012). The possible ethical concern that may bias the study is stigmatization (Hinshaw, 2005; Tew et al., 2011)of the participants and hence a strict means of privacy and confidentiality should be maintained. The current investigation will be followed by an informed consent of the participants which will ensure voluntary participation after understanding the purpose of the study and the risks and benefits associated with it. The participants will be detailed about the duration of the study, the purpose, rights to participate or not to participate, the right to confidentiality of the data and the possible impact of the research on the community etc. A signed copy of the consent form from participants will be taken and questionnaire provided. Participants will be asked not to write their name or any identification mark on the questionnaire so that they feel confident to answer. Questionnaires will be provided in sealed envelope and answers collected in the same manner to ensure privacy. Strength and Limitations The use of grounded theory is questioned by many researcher and therefore, an establishment of proper research method to prove the credibility and reproducibility remains essential when utilizing the theory. Any type of research should be reproducible and set as a base model for future research therefore reliability, credibility and reproducibility are of prime concern to a researcher. Since the present method uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative research towards deducing a theory of possible hurdles faced by parents with children suffering from mental illness the methodology is reliable in itself. Although there is always a question of reliability on self-reported data the limitation is neutralized by providing a confidential approach to the participants. The method also employs a comparison of different social strata of participants and will be representative of similar settings that exists elsewhere. As with the informed consent, participants were allowed to withdraw from th e study at will and hence we can rely on the answers provided since participants who felt confident only participated in the study. The strength of the paper lies with the fact that a large number of participants (parents with or without children with mental illness) will be recruited for a good comparison between mental and social status of participants and outcome of care for their children can be estimated. With a good database and analysis method involving SPSS for quantitative analysis, the study will not be only based on stories and emotions told by the participants but a combination of statistical proof and self-report. With the approach the research outcome will be authentic and reliable as well as reproducible in different other settings. The limitation of the study is that it will encompass mental illness as a general term and not specify the type and cause of the illness. This may lead to difference in difficulty met by parents, which, by far may not be possible to normalize in our study. References Abawi, K. (2008). Qualitative and quantitative research. World Health. Allik, H., Larsson, J.-O., Smedje, H. (2006). Health-related quality of life in parents of school-age children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Health and quality of life outcomes, 4(1), 1. Atkinson, S. D. (1994). Grieving and loss in parents with a schizophrenic child. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1137-1139. Beins, B. C. (2012). Research methods: A tool for life: Pearson Higher Ed. dosReis, S., Barksdale, C. L., Sherman, A., Maloney, K., Charach, A. (2010). Stigmatizing experiences of parents of children with a new diagnosis of ADHD. Psychiatric Services, 61(8), 811-816. Fan, W., Yan, Z. (2010). Factors affecting response rates of the web survey: A systematic review. Computers in human behavior, 26(2), 132-139. Godress, J., Ozgul, S., Owen, C., Foley-Evans, L. (2005). Grief experiences of parents whose children suffer from mental illness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(1-2), 88-94. Hinshaw, S. P. (2005). The stigmatization of mental illness in children and parents: Developmental issues, family concerns, and research needs. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(7), 714-734. Kelly, C. M., Jorm, A. F., Wright, A. (2007). Improving mental health literacy as a strategy to facilitate early intervention for mental disorders. Med J Aust, 187(7 Suppl), S26-30. Liu, M., Lambert, C. E., Lambert, V. A. (2007). Caregiver burden and coping patterns of Chinese parents of a child with a mental illness. International journal of mental health nursing, 16(2), 86-95. MacGregor, P. (1994). Grief: The unrecognized parental response to mental illness in a child. Social Work, 39(2), 160-166. Organization, W. H., Association, W. P., Child, I. A. f., Psychiatry, A., Professions, A. (2005). Atlas: child and adolescent mental health resources: global concerns, implications for the future: World Health Organization. Pescosolido, B. A., Perry, B. L., Martin, J. K., McLeod, J. D., Jensen, P. S. (2007). Stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about treatment and psychiatric medications for children with mental illness. Psychiatric Services. Strauss, A., Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology. Handbook of qualitative research, 17, 273-285. Tew, J., Ramon, S., Slade, M., Bird, V., Melton, J., Le Boutillier, C. (2011). Social factors and recovery from mental health difficulties: a review of the evidence. British journal of social work, bcr076. Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of health psychology, 2(3), 335-351.

The Technique Behind Mona Lisa Essay Example

The Technique Behind Mona Lisa Essay The art of the Renaissance was influenced by both ancient Greek and Roman culture as well as the humanism movement. The subjects of works of art were no longer limited to royal and religious figures, nor were they over idealized portrayals. Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa exemplifies this trend. Working with the new medium of oil and his mastery of light, contrast, and sfumato, da Vinci created the most famous painting in the world; a work where subject and background compliment each other to form a perfect union. One of the aspects that make the Mona Lisa such a masterpiece is da Vinci’s use of oil as a medium. As the movie The Mystery of Jon van Eyck explains, the use of oil as a medium was not widely used for painting until van Eyck refined it â€Å"by adding transparent colors in several thin glazes upon a white ground, creating a wholly new translucence as if lit from within. † Da Vinci, like other painters of the Renaissance, used van Eyck’s oil painting technique to bring lifelike qualities to their works. According to Time-Life writer Robert Wallace, using oil opened up a new world of creative possibility for da Vanci. Oil could create nuances of effect that the widely used egg tempera could not. Additionally, the sharp and obvious transitions between colors in tempera could be rendered obsolete using oil(29). Da Vincis mastery of the new oil medium is apparent in Mona Lisa. Evidence of this lies in the claim by Leonardo da Vinci scholar Marani Pietro that Mona Lisa is â€Å"the sum of Leonardos extraordinary abilities†(183). Da Vinci created Mona Lisa on poplar wood using a series of thin, semi-transparent, overlapping glazes. The thin glazes allow the underlying base of dark gesso to show through. We will write a custom essay sample on The Technique Behind Mona Lisa specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Technique Behind Mona Lisa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Technique Behind Mona Lisa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Da Vinci blends the light and dark shades of his painting seamlessly; there are no harsh lines or edges and each feature melts into the next. This technique, sfumato, perfected by da Vinci, coupled with the dark undertones of the base and the multiple layers of glazes, creates the illusion of three-dimensional features and â€Å"makes us see blood flowing beneath the subjects painted skin and lips†(198). Another factor that that distinguishes Mona Lisa is its composition. Da Vinci strikes a delicate balance between his subject and the background surrounding her. As Loren Partridge, a Professor of Art History at University of California, explains, da Vincis positioning of his subject broke away from long established norms regarding portraiture. Unlike the rigid portrait subjects of the past, da Vincis subject is relaxed and at ease. Sitting in a chair, she is in a natural pose, her hands crossed at her waist. Instead of the traditional side profile portrait, da Vinci positions his subject slightly turned away from the picture plane. She looks beyond the confines of the painting, her eyes locked with those of the viewer. Da Vinci again deviates from conventional full length portraiture and opts instead for three-quarters length, bringing her closer the the edges of painting (121). This closeness creates a sense of intimacy, as if the subject is whispering secrets to the viewer. Adding to the secretive nature is the subjects expression. From her eyes to her widely debated smile, there is a wholly ambiguous aura to her face. By using his knowledge of natural light and contrasting dark and light shades, da Vinci draws the viewers attention to that cryptic face. In doing so, da Vinci managed to turn simple human expression into a mystery. While she radiates an overall ethereal quality, it seems that da Vinci did not over idealize his subject. However, she appears to inhabit a realm somewhere between reality and perfection where, as Partridge observes, she is â€Å"a transcendent supernatural woman. † The role of the landscape da Vinci created is more than simple backdrop. Partridge explains the importance of the relationship between the background and his subject. Each feature has a role in drawing subtle attention to the smiling Mona Lisa. Mountain tops summit at her forehead, a winding road on the viewers left draws attention to the turn of the subjects right shoulder away from the viewer. The meandering river on the viewers right highlights the turn of the left shoulder towards the viewer. Furthermore, the artist â€Å"heightened Mona Lisas physical presence by placing her in a realistic environment† Here again, da Vincis sfumato technique comes into play. No harsh lines separate the subject from her background; they blend into each other as if one (121). The oneness of Mona Lisa and her background can be attributed to da Vincis own views regarding man and nature. Wallace states that da Vinci thought of man and nature as a whole. He believed that one could not be separated from the other. In an article in The Art Bulletin, Webster Smith points out the connections da Vinci drew between man and nature. Da Vinci believed that as a man has a circulatory system that delivers blood throughout the body, the earth delivers water across its body in the same way. He would later state that: â€Å"we can say that the earth has a spirit of growth and that its flesh be the soil, its bones be the arrangements and connection of the rocks of which the mountains are composed; its cartilages are the tufa, its blood the veins of water, the lake of blood that lies around the heart is the ocean sea, and the increase and decrease of blood in the pulses, is represented in the earth by the flow and ebb of the ocean sea â€Å"(qtd. by Webster 187). Partridge believes that da Vincis belief in the direct connection of the human body to nature is apparent in Mona Lisa. He states that she â€Å"personifies, in short, the endless cyclical changes of nature, ranging from generation to decay, from decay to regeneration†(122). Leonardo da Vincis keen observations and understanding of the natural world and many talents combined to create the worlds most famous painting. By taking oil paint and laying it in skillfully connected and interwoven layers of contrasting shades of light and dark, he created a subject who seems to breath with the life he gave her. In a famous essay regarding Mona Lisa Walter Pater said: â€Å"Like the vampire, she has been dead many times, and learned the secrets of the grave; and has been a diver in deep seas, and keeps their fallen day about her, and traffiked for strange webs with Eastern merchants; and as Leda, was the mother of Helen of Troy, and as St. Anne, the mother of Mary† These lines, written in 1869, are as true today as they were then and perfectly convey the power and timelessness of Mona Lisa. Works Cited Marani, Pietro C. Leonardo da Vinci The Complete Paintings. New York: Henry N. Abrams. 2000. Print. Mystery of Jan van Eyck, The. Prod. Films for the Humanities Sciences. 2009. DVD. Partridge, Loren. Art of Renaissance Florence 1400-1600. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2009. Print. Smith, Webster. â€Å"Observations on the Mona Lisa Landscape. † The Art Bulletin 67. 2 (June 1985): 183-199. JSTOR. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Wallace, Robert. The World of Leonardo, 1452-1519. New York: Time Incorporated, 1966. Print.

Keeping it Honest The Essay Experts New Year’s “Ressaylutions” Update

Keeping it Honest The Essay Experts New Year’s â€Å"Ressaylutions† Update In January I reported on The Essay Expert’s New Year’s Resolutions (Ressaylutions). As human beings, we are not designed to keep our promises. I certainly am an expert at making resolutions and then forgetting about them, without ever acknowledging which promises I have – and haven’t – kept. Not this year! I’m taking a look to see how I’m doing, ten weeks after my resolutions were made. Ready? The Essay Experts New Year’s Ressaylutions were: 1. Convert my website to WordPress. This project is complete – sort of. My site is indeed operating now on a WordPress platform, and theoretically I have easy access to edit my pages in any way I want. I have run into some technical difficulties however. For instance, when I tried to edit a page, it made all kinds of changes I didn’t want it to make and â€Å"broke†the page. I received the following email today from the company that handled the conversion: â€Å"The problem of visually editing your page content, without causing the page to break, lies with the page template. I did indicate that the template is dated, with a lot of additional graphics embedded. If you ever switch to a more modern template that contains a whole lot less graphics internally you will be able to edit your content visually. The internal design of most of your pages work perfectly for static HTML type pages, but will require someone who is an HTML coder to add content to them. If the website owner wishes to do this, the editing will require some extra effort when editing anything visually.† Enough said. I’ve got my work cut out for me. As some of you know, my blog link also changed and created a hiccup in my blog postings last week. You might also notice that if you do a search in my blog, you get not only blog postings but all relevant parts of my website in the search results. This issue will be fixed later this week – when I will once again need to change my blog link due to a major â€Å"architecture change.† My apologies in advance for any strange blog digests you might receive next week as a result of this additional change! (P.S. I am thankful as I kvetch about my technical difficulties that I am safely landlocked in the Midwest, without any fears for my safety. My heart goes out to the victims of the tsunami in Japan who have much bigger things to worry about.) 2. Make it easier for my readers to choose the topic they want to read about (create 4 separate e-lists: a) Job Search (Resumes Cover Letters); b) College Admissions; c) LinkedIn Professional Writing; and d) Everything). AND 3. Create autoresponders. (Related to ressaylution #2.) This project is running close to schedule thanks to my incredible intern, Robin Reinke! She has prepared all the autoresponders and we’re continuing to move forward to create the lists. Stay tuned! 4. Guest blog. I haven’t written any specifically targeted guest blogs, though some of my existing articles have been published other places. I did deliver my webinar, How to Write a Killer LinkedIn Profile, for a group of Columbia University alumni and students, as well as for a group of people through ilostmyjob.com. Both events were a hit! I will also be on a blog radio show on March 22, Back in Force Productions, geared toward stay-at-home parents relaunching their careers. 5. Start an Artist’s Way group. I’ve been writing my morning pages every day (three pages a day of journaling), and though I’ve missed some mornings, I haven’t missed a single day. I haven’t been as good about creating Artist’s dates, which are dates with myself to do something fun and artistic. Mostly what has happened is that my priorities have changed since January. I’m surprising myself by finding creative expression through writing resumes and LinkedIn profiles! I am also singing in a newly forming funk/RB band! I’ll post clips when I have them! 6. Continue to write and share about writing issues, job search issues, and sometimes life issues that strike my fancy each week and that my readers care about. Yep I’ve been doing that. Covered topics from early admissions to parallel construction to LinkedIn news to greeting card grammar. Even got political. And now I’m getting honest. How are your New Year’s resolutions coming along? It’s a great exercise to check in and acknowledge where you’re making progress, where you’re stuck, where things have shifted. What do you see when you take a look at how the year is going?

Economics of Gender Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of Gender - Research Paper Example Recognition of gender equality therefore enriches economic growth in a nation. Gender equality is conveyed in approaches, opinions, actions and policies that mirror an equal valuing and endowment of opportunities for both genders. Absence of discrimination between both genders can also evidence equal eminence between the females and the males in a society. In gender equality, all individuals hold an equivalent level of power and indulge other people with respect and consideration irrespective of their sex (Dollar, David & Gatti, 1999). Equal opportunities and equal worth for both sexes is therefore a demonstration of gender equality. Gender equality can be seen where there is no inferior valuation of females to males at birth. In a society that there is gender equality, women are accorded both their legal and marital rights. The fertility rates and child mortality rates are also lowered. There is no one solitary measure for quantifying the status of women comparative to men at the universal level. Research indicates that two measures can generally be used and these are the gender-related development index and the gender empowerment measure (Mikkola, 2007). The gender-related development index cascades if the accomplishment levels of both women and men reduce or if the discrepancy between their achievements intensifies. On the other hand, the gender empowerment measure scrutinizes whether women and men are competent to energetically partake in the economic and political life of a society. It also studies whether women do take part in decision-making in a society. This measure is fashioned using information on women’s purchasing influence and decision-making supremacy in the economy and political power in Parliament. Despite the use of these two types of measures, the measurement of gender equality can sometimes be difficult. This is because some of the roles t hat

Improving Time Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Improving Time Management - Research Paper Example One of the first steps in trying to solve this problem was to determine what kind of information I needed to gather in order to solve the problem.   Some things were very concrete, such as my class and work schedule.   You could say my dinner schedule was pretty concrete, too, except my dad would make exceptions to the rule if I just talked with him ahead of time.   Other things, such as how much time I would need for homework, were flexible by someone else’s standards.   In other words, it depended on my instructors to determine how much homework they were going to hand out each night and when we were going to have tested.   However, the syllabi that they handed out at the beginning of the term could give me an average amount of time per week that I would need for homework.   Even less predictable was the schedule I worked out with my friends when I would see them, what we would do and how long we would hang out.   This would be the hardest bit of information to figure out.   Finally, there were the things that I had to do, like laundry and sleep, that was necessary for my welfare but that I usually forgot to plan.   These kinds of things could just be listed out and approximate times are given, such as I know I like to have 8 hours of sleep at night and I know it usually takes me about 4 hours to get my laundry done when I finally get around to doing it. Once all this information is gathered together, it is necessary to evaluate it and bring it into some form of organization.    With my class schedule and work schedule in front of me, I can chart out the days and times each week that I have to be in each place. To do this, I will make a big chart with a single row of seven squares, one for each day of the week. I will write my class times and my work times down, leaving space any time there are gaps where I don’t have to go to work straight from school. I will pencil in family dinners on every day that work and school donâ₠¬â„¢t get in the way. Using the syllabi from my classes, I will attempt to determine just how much time each day I will need to finish my homework and then try to find time in this schedule for study. I know things like sleeping and laundry take a set amount of time, so I will also pencil these in because they are flexible – I can sleep a little less if I need to and I can do the laundry on another day if necessary. The time left in each day will be the time I have available to spend with my friends, since this is both the hardest to pin down and the least important of my activities toward my future success. By using this chart, I will be able to take better control of my life and make sure that I get everything done that needs to be done. I did run into some problems in trying to apply my ideas, such as when

Analysis the center character Iago and what he does to destroy Othello Essay

Analysis the center character Iago and what he does to destroy Othello in William Shakespeare's drama the tragedy of Othello, the moor of Venice - Essay Example He does this because Cassio is the officer that Othello promoted. Iago decides that by doing this, he will make Othello loose favor with the rest of the military personnel. He wants to not only have revenge but also to make sure that Othello is cast from his position. He sets out to discredit Othello and also to discredit Michael Cassio, the man that was promoted. The interesting aspect of this play is that Iago is a main character that is juxtaposed with Othello as a main character and he is more important than other characters. The reason he is important is because he continually looks for ways to make Othello more jealous. As he does this, he is also plotting against him for his own possible gain (more implied than spoken). Iago is evil it seems and can be seen as a "worm tongue" because he is constantly trying to discredit Othello and Cassio. He does a great job of doing this for Othello because he understands that jealousy makes Othello vulnerable. In fact, so vulnerable that he relies on what Iago says instead of listening to Desdemona as she explains to him that she is not involved with anyone except him. This does not set well for him because he believes Iago and decides that his wife is lying. All of this happens because Iago has taken a handkerchief that was found by Emilia, his wife, and he plants the handkerchief in Cassios room. When he brings this to Othellos attention, Othellos judgment is clouded for the rest of the play. He eventually will kill his wife and then himself because the same is much too difficult for him. Iago manipulates Othello in many ways. He begins by suggesting to him that Desdemona may need to be watched because there are other suitors for her to pick from around the castle. Othello is not unlike other people in the world in that once he has the seeds of doubt and infidelity into his mind,

Qualities and Types of Social Anthropology

Qualities and Types of Social Anthropology Introduction Social anthropology is the field of anthropology that studies how living human beings behave in social groups. This essay seeks to explore the history, meaning and essential qualities of social anthropology which distinguish it from other branches of anthropology. In the UK, anthropology is usually primarily concerned with the study of culture. This area is termed social anthropology and it is this designation which is used in England, and to some extent in America, to assign an area of a larger subject of anthropology, the study of humanity from a number of viewpoints. In England social anthropology was only introduced and studied relatively recently during the later decades of the nineteenth century. It became widely recognised as a discipline later on and it has been taught under that name since. However, its academic base goes back further. E. E. Evans-Pritchard, (2004) The beginnings of social anthropology lay in the nineteenth century. Examining its roots, we can see an early definition of culture from one of the pioneers of of social anthropology. Sir Edward Burnett Taylor (2 October 1832 2 January 1917), an English anthropologist, defined the term culture as, that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Evans Pritchard, (2004) Subsequent study has led anthropologists to determine that culture is not innate, rather it is learned by a person from family and society. Therefore, it does not have any genetic connection, because even if a person is brought up in a culture different from that in which he was born, he absorbs the culture of the society later on. It has also been observed that people also feel the need to follow their beliefs and traditions of their own culture in adulthood, even though they might not agree with certain belief s in it. Edmund Ronald Leach, (1982) The refinement of theories of culture which are used today owes much to the work of the founders of the subject. However, social anthropology was also a product of its time; it was formulated at the time European societies had empires. Despite the fact there has been much controversial argument about the ways colonialism may have influenced anthropological study, at least one of the main aims of a foremost creator of the discipline stays vital to current anthropology study: the comparative study of the different forms of human social life and cultural experience. Evans Pritchard, (2004). From its early days, social anthropology has become an international discipline studied in universities around the world. There are differences globally in the study of social anthropology. For example, in America social anthropology is referred to as either ethnology or sociology. E. E. Evans-Pritchard, (2004). In general, the United States displays a different approach to anthropology. Anthropology in North America is concerned with the study of human difference and adaptability. It is usually divided into four groups: biological (physical) anthropology, archaeological anthropology, linguistic anthropology Cultural anthropology. Insa Nolte (2010) I believe it is important to have a look at each subfield as each of them emphasise a different definition of anthropology and stress various approaches to this vast subject. This will demonstrate that the subject is not as what we know and study in the UK, but what the US, and due to its large postgraduate education programmes and cultural influence, a large portion of the global academic community sees the subject of anthropology. Biological or physical anthropology Biological Anthropology is an approach to evolution and adaptationof humanity. It seeks to compare humans and animals to understand human unlikeness and biological cohesion; examines comparative data across time to explain the evolutionary history of hominines over the last 5 million years; explores difference in human development and health, and the mechanisms that influence contemporary and historical population differences; and examines individual attitude in terms of evolution and adaptation and its intellectual blueprint. Angela P. Cheater, (1989) Archaeological Anthropology Archaeological anthropology is the study of ancient human societies through their physical remains and environment. It deals with the time during which humans built up their patterns of behaviour. It aims to make over the nature and development of specific societies and explain the difference that happened among past societies. Angela P. Cheater, (1989) Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic anthropology is a branch of anthropology which is concentrating on relation between language and culture and the place of language in the wider social and cultural framework. Angela P. Cheater (1989) Cultural anthropology Cultural Anthropology is a method of studying worldwide cultures by observation and cultural group comparison (e.g. Japan and England). Fieldwork is conducted on cultures around the world. A societys social and context environment is examined in an observational and participatory study. Key questions in cultural anthropology include: How are we different or similar? However, the philosophy is to go above ethnocentrism, the superficial belief that one culture is better than others. When each societys balance and structure is considered, rules of moral care and patterns of social co-operation are examined in their own socio-cultural context, which provide meaning to what an outsider may otherwise consider to be strange. This practice of cultural relativism stresses that there are no better or lower cultures; all cultures are meaningful in their own context. M. Fortes, (2003) The approach and classification of anthropology in the United States shows that the subject is a product of the culture and societies in which it is studied, just as social anthropology in the late nineteenth century owed its outlook to colonial attitudes in society. Further evidence of varying interpretations can be found in Mexico where archaeology is the term given to what we call social anthropology in England. Generally it is difficult to explain what anthropology is about and what anthropologists do due to the different interpretations of the subject. However, what social anthropologists share is an interest in different ways people have of looking at the world they live in. These different ways are not individual character, but different views of the world learned as people grow up in different societies. Angela P. Cheater, (1989) Conclusion The world we live in today has changed since the nineteenth century and anthropology has changed with it. Distances between human beings have reduced due to the ease of communication, transport, advances in technology and migration. As Leach states, Globalisation does not seem to be making the world we live in less culturally assorted. Whether we study anthropology, with its various definitions, in Britain or elsewhere, the study of different ways of living and seeing the world appear just as important as ever, if not more so. Edmund Ronald Leach, (1982) References: Evans Pritchard (2004) Social anthropology p43, London. Evans Pritchard (2004) Social anthropology p45, London Edmund Ronald Leach (1982), Social anthropology p 203-205 Insa Nolte (2010) Lecture notes Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 205-206(2), New York. Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 210-213 (2), New York. Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 303(2), New York. M. Fortes, Social anthropology at Cambridge since 1990 (2003), p 10-13, University press of Cambridge Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 305-307(2), University of Cambridge press.

Catch22 :: Essays Papers

Catch22 In Catch-22, Joseph Heller reveals the perversions of the human character and society. Using various themes and a unique style and structure, Heller satirizes war and its values as well as using the war setting to satirize society at large. By manipulating the "classic" war setting and language of the novel Heller is able to depict society as dark and twisted. Heller demonstrates his depiction of society through the institution of war (i.e. it's effects and problems during and after war). Heller’s satire of war and his anti war themes evoke pleasure and disquietude to show the mess of war, the victimization of the conscripts, and the monstrous egotism of the top brass. Catch-22 shows how the individual soldier loses his uniqueness not as much from the battlefield like other novels set during a war, but from the bureaucratic mentality. An example of this Lt. Scheisskopf's obsession with parades that he sees the men more as puppets than as human beings. At one point in the novel, he even wants to wire them together so their movements will be perfectly precise--just as mindless puppets would be. This theme also appears when Colonel Cathcart keeps increasing the number of missions his squadron must fly--not for military purposes, but to solely enhance his prestige. One other example of this theme is in the novel, when Yossarian is wounded. He is told to take better care of his leg because it is government property. Soldiers, therefore, are not even people, but simply property that can be listed on an inventory. In a bureaucracy, as Heller shows, individuality does not matter. In form, Catch-22 is a social satire--it is a novel using absurd humor to discredit or ridicule aspects of our society. The target in Catch-22 is not just the self-serving attitudes of some military officers, but also the Air Force itself as a mad military bureaucracy. The humor in the novel along with descriptive styles such as: Doc Daneeka, "roosted dolorously like a shivering turkey buzzard"; the mountains, blanketed in a "mesmerizing quiet," Yossarian, wet "with the feeling of warm slime," "lavender gloom clouding the entrance of the operations tent" These descriptive styles help depart from pure realism--they serve to transcend physical reality by making sensations metaphors for states of mind and by attributing unusual qualities to objects, making the reader take a second look at familiar objects and feelings.

The Historical Importance and Latest Findings of the Great Wall of China

( Use related studies, other published or online stuff to analyse the selected site ) Introduction ( 250 ) The Great Wall was reckoned as the universe ‘s largest human-made construction made up of rock, bricks and earthen plants whose building started every bit early as the seventh century BC. Originally, it was used in many intents but the most important was to move as a boundary line control that comprised of ticker towers, fort station and troop quarters etc. It has received acknowledgment by doing the World Heritage List in 1987 of its cultural values in Chinese history. In recent decennary, archaeologists put attempts in look intoing the existent length of the Wall by using field walking, remote feeling and stratigraphy to look for archeological potency in nearby countries. It has contributed to a drastic alteration for the universe to acknowledge an even larger building undertaking in China. Over the old ages, it has been pulling tourers from all around the Earth to witness this olympian munition. In malice of their eternal captivation towards the most reckonable antediluvian wall, many were inconsiderate in littering that sparked arguments in its saving work. Furthermore, the Great Wall is praised by its profound value in Chinese history, act as a strong symbol and historical grounds for people to determine past events. In the followers, it will discourse its historical importance, recent unearthed findings, saving work and cultural v alues to analyse its relationship of yesteryear and nowadays. Standards of WHL [ Danny ] Harmonizing to the World Heritage Convention, there are 10 standards for the universe heritage choice. Six of them are civilization standards and four of them are natural standards. The commission will measure the heritage site based on this 10 standards. If the heritage sites list on the WHL, â€Å"sites must be of outstanding cosmopolitan value and meet at least one out of 10 standards ( UNSECO, n.d. ) † . The Great Wall is the civilization site that list on the WHL and it meets five out of six civilization standards of choice. In add-on, the Great Wall meets standards ( I ) , ( two ) , ( three ) , ( four ) and ( six ) . So, the Great Wall is a heritage site that contains outstanding cosmopolitan value. Therefore, the Great Wall has been listed on the WHL at 1987. The standard ( I ) is â€Å"to represent a chef-d'oeuvre of human originative mastermind ( UNSECO, n.d. ) † . The Great Wall is a chef-d'oeuvre because it is the lone human custodies built building on the Earth that human can see it from the infinite ( UNSECO, n.d. ) . The length of it is larger than 20,000 kilometres and all built by human custodies. So, it shows the human originative mastermind in edifice this immense graduated table building. For the standard ( two ) , the heritage site shows the important interchange in the human values. The human values of Chinese spread to the northern frontier in the period of Chunqiu. The Great Wall reinforces the Sinicism by the transportation of population ( UNSECO, n.d. ) . Some of the Chinese and alien from north lived near the Great Wall and the civilization intergradation shows the interchange in the human values. For the standard ( three ) , the heritage site provides particular or of import groundss to the civilisation. The Great Wall provides particular or of import groundss to â€Å"the rammed-earth subdivisions of munitions dating from the Western Han ( UNSECO, n.d. ) † . Some subdivisions of the Great Wall are made of the rammed-earth which is the old constructional stuff. For the standard ( four ) , the heritage site is an outstanding theoretical account for edifices, architectural manner or trade. Since the Great Wall is the longest and oldest military building in the World, it is an outstanding theoretical account for military building. In 220 B.C. , Qin Shi Huang built the first military construction-the Great Wall of the Qin dynasty to protect the state ( UNSECO, n.d. ) . In the ulterior dynasties, they besides built this sort of military building to forestall the incursion from the North. Therefore, The Great Wall is an outstanding theoretical account for munitions and it served as military intent for 2,000 old ages. For the standard ( six ) , the heritage site is associated with the literary work of outstanding world-wide significance. â€Å"The Great Wall has an uncomparable symbolic significance in the history of China ( UNSECO, n.d. ) † . We can happen the Great Wall this symbolic significance in many Chinese literary plants in Tang dynasty such as the verse form of Tu Fu ( 712-770 ) ( UNSECO, n.d. ) . As a cultural heritage site, the Great Wall does non run into the standards ( V ) . Harmonizing to the demand, the heritage site on the WHL merely need to run into at least one standard. The other five standards have cogent evidence that the Great Wall is qualified and worthy to name on the WHL. Excavation [ Kelly’s ] Even though the Great Wall still remains in China, archeologists have found assorted agencies to analyze sites around the Great Wall in command to seek its cultural significance. In fact, the most outstanding survey was the usage of Google Earth and C dating that helped in detecting a lost section of the Wall back in 2011 in Southern Mongolia ( Owen, 2012 ) . Initially, the archeologists were look intoing typographic hints seen in Google Earth through orbiter exposure. Via remote feeling, they were able to confer with ancient historical texts to analyse these satellite imagination. Interestingly, they merely discovered a staying piece of fossil alternatively of skull and big femur. With this grounds in head, archeologists thought that the Wall must be in a much extended length. Similarly, carbon 14 dating had shown partially exposed wood and rope remains ; the building was so assumed to be went on for over 100s of old ages or even more than a thousand old ages subsequently, about from 1040 to 1160. As a consequence, they widely supposed that Western Xia dynasty constructed the Wall on the site ( Owen, 2012 ) . Excavation is hence really indispensable in set uping an approximative day of the month of the yesteryear for archeological sites. Up until now in 2015, archeologists have been analyzing archive exposures, historical paperss and field walking to detect more and more parts of the Great Wall that have non been publically seeable. One squad of experts in Northwestern China discovered a new subdivision of wall which is comprised of rammed Earth whereas some parts were even built on top of mountain scopes and spread along vales ; it was found chiefly between Jingyuan Country and Nanchangtan small town. In historical paperss, they came to a consensus that Emperor Qin demanded the Great Wall had to run across Gansu state, Ningxia and Mongolia. However, some ruins were found shorter than usual that the archeologists believed it was because of natural debasement. In this instance, the Great Wall can be seen as different constructions built through both Northern and Southern Mongolia from start to complete, and existed over a twosome of dynasties ( Chow and Chan, 2015 ) . All in all, from the above dating methods and analytical survey of the Great Wall, many published stuffs have told the universe how the Great Wall is really more extended ; it surely was a ground-breaking intelligence for archeologists and tourers every bit good. In peculiar, Google Earth was deeply applied in the survey as it proved its scientific values in making archeological research. Under these fortunes, archeology can be seen as a stepping rock for the Chinese to hold deeper apprehensions of Chinese history and even the cultural transmutation in their ain topographic point. From larning about the past emperors, the Chinese can besides heighten their sense of belonging with ascendants and portion amongst coevalss. Preservation Presently, sing the saving of the Great Wall, several steps are undergoing. Patrol Teams Harmonizing to an article found on China daily, an official patrolling squad is being organized to look into against the harm of the gigantic construction. This policing squad will concentrate on the subdivision in Beijing, which is 630km long, including the most popular subdivision of the Great Wall, Badaling. ( http: //www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/16/content_520680.htm, 2006 ) As mentioned by Yu Ping, deputy manager of the Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage, members of this squad will normally be rural occupants who live near the Wall, and will be paid by local authoritiess. Apart from the patrol squad, a buffer zone would besides be drawn to assist protect the Great Wall, as announced by the Chinese disposal. This buffer zone will take up to three old ages to be finished. At nowadays, merely a general criterion runing from 500 meters to 2 kilometers off from the Wall is designated as a buffer zone to protect it. Change in Law to protect the Great Wall Back in Sep. 20 of 2006, the State Council have promulgated ordinances sing the protection of the Great Wall, which have come into consequence on Dec. 1 of the same twelvemonth ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lawinfochina.com/display.aspx? lib=law & A ; id=5635 & A ; CGid= , 2006 ) . The jurisprudence will concentrate on protecting the Great Wall, with its affiliated edifices and environing enviornment. For illustration, from August 2003 onwards, tramps and tourers will non be permitted to research unprotected subdivisions of the Great Wall. Harmonizing to an article found on Travel China Guide, The intent of the ordinance are to assist modulate visitor’s and local resident’s behaviours when sing the Wall. For illustration, article 18 of the ordinance forbits activites such as illegal organisations of activities and taking off points related to the Great Wall. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/wallprotection/law/ , 2006 ) Restoration Attempts Back in March of 2004, the initial stage of redevelopment on the subdivision known as Huanghuacheng had begun. Harmonizing to an article found on China Daily, â€Å"it includes rehabilitating 13 crenelations, two Gatess and 3,300 meters of wall on a four-kilogreat wall from the spacemetre stretch.† ( http: //www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-04/20/content_435783.htm, 2005 ) Mei Ninghua, manager of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage, besides mentioned that this redevelopment undertaking is scheduled to be carried out in three stages and would be at least 12 million kwai. To add on, Luo Zhewen, an expert on ancient architecture besides noted that original stuffs and traditional techniques should be used every bit much as possible, otherwise, the word â€Å"preservation† could non be fulfilled. Improvement However, merely as the saving work is undergoing, harm to the Wall are still going serious. Presently, A big sum of the wall has collapsed and in some subdivisions, merely its foundation remains, accroding to a five-year study ( Rossella Lorenzi, 2012 ) . On the other manus, subdivisions which are yet to be restored, known as â€Å"wild wall† and are non unfastened to the populace, besides suffer from semisynthetic harm. It could be found that local small towns frequently put up Fe ladders illicitly to pull tramps. It is frequently argued concentrated touristry is the chief cause for the harm done on the Wall, with most of the bricks in Badaling being carved with people’s names and graffito as back uping grounds. The Great Wall’s current saving work could be improved from several positions. First, it would be of import to educate the populace about the importance and cultural significance of stand foring their cultural individuality. Extra attention and fiscal support should be given to locals small towns populating near parts which are considered â€Å"wild walls. Most of the small towns are â€Å"damaging the Wall† merely because they are holding a tough life. It is possible that with equal fiscal support, the village’s load could be alleviated and no longer need to go on the aforesaid act. Planting trees can besides assist protect the countries from eroding. However, there are still suites for dialogue among cultural heritage organisations and Chinese authorities. Last but non least, tourers like us can besides take part in assisting the saving work. Merely as usual pattern when we visit foreign topographic points, we should ne'er go forth rubbish behind nor take away anything related to the Great Wall. Such undistinguished actions could lend a batch to the saving work to an extent far beyond our imaginativeness. Cultural significance of cultural site The Great Wall is the longest and oldest military munitions in the World, and ranks among the â€Å"Seven Wonders of the World† . It starts from Shanhaiguan Pass in the E and ends at Jiayuguan Pass in the West which is for protect the resist the invasion of mobile folks in different periods. The Great Wall was foremost built at the Spring and Autumn Period ( 770-476 BC ) and constructed at the Ming dynasties ( 1368-1644 ) , and the history reflected the significance and cultural significance behind the Great Wall. First of wholly, the Great Wall is a powerful symbol in China. It represents the fusion of China because it is a wall that made China was unified in the Qin Dynasty ( 221-206 BC ) . ( China Highlights, 2011 ) In the Spring and Autumn Period, the first portion of the Great Wall was built to against the war. The Great Wall had the intent of military defence, particularly in forestalling northern people on horseback from assailing people in the South. In the Qin dynasty ( 221 BC ) , King Zheng of Qin incorporate China by linked all the wall together and formed a dividing line in China. After Qin Shi Huang unified China, all of the Chinese worked together for the good of the state. ( Chen, 2014 ) Besides, the Great Wall is used as a spliting line to split the North and south nationality and maintain their civilization non affected by each other. Besides, the Great Wall helped to defence the northern people came and attacked China. In The â€Å" March of the Volunteers † which is t he National Anthem of the People ‘s Republic of China, the wordss â€Å"Take our flesh, and construct it to go a new Great Wall! † show that the Great Wall is the protection for the life and spirit of Chinese. ( Chiu, n.d. ) Second, the fables and narratives about the Great Wall show the cultural significance. As the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese state and its civilization, there were tonss of beautiful fables and narratives happened during building are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu ‘s narrative and the fable of the Beacon Tower. ( Travel China Guide, 2011 ) For the Meng Jiangnu ‘s narrative, it happened during the Qin Dynasty ( 221BC-206BC ) . Meng Jiangnu ‘s hubby was caught by federal functionaries and sent to construct the wall. After Meng knew her hubby was dead because of physique the wall, she cried and her ululation caused the prostration of a portion of the wall. This narrative shows the wall is the production of 10s of 1000s of Chinese common mans. Those beautiful narratives and legends about the wall are helpful to maintain the Chinese history and civilization. ( Travel China Guide, 2011 ) The Great Wall built to protect the civilization and agribusiness of China and support the onslaught from northern people. With the history and cultural significance of the Great Wall, it represents the spirit of Chinese as Chinese are tough and strong to protect themselves.DecisionReference List: [ Danny ]UNSECO, ( n.d. ) ,The Criteria for Selection. Retrieved April 21, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/2. UNSECO, ( n.d. ) ,The Great Wall. Retrieved April 21, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //whc.unesco.org/en/list/438 [ Kelly’s ] 3. Owen ( 2012 ) ,â€Å"Lost† Great Wall of China Segment Found? National Geographic News. Mar 20, 2012. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120319-great-wall-of-china-mongolia-science-lindesay/ ? utm_source=feedburner & A ; utm_medium=feed & A ; utm_campaign=Feed % 3A+ng % 2FNews % 2FNews_Main+ % 28National+Geographic+News+-+Main % 29 & A ; utm_content=Google+Reader 4.Chow and Chan ( 2015 ) ,It ‘s even greater than we thought! Archeologists discovered NINE new subdivisions of the Great Wall of China.Daily Mail Online. Peopless Daily. United Kingdom. Apr 16, 2015. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dailymail.co.uk/news/peoplesdaily/article-3041972/It-s-greater-thought-Archaeologists-discovered-NINE-new-sections-Great-Wall-China.html [ Aiken’s ]Great Wall subdivision gets facelift ( 2005 ) .China DailyRetrieved April 29, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-04/20/content_435783.htmRegulations on Great Wall Protection,Travel China GuideRetrieved April 29, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/wallprotection/law/Great Wall to present patrol squad,China DailyRetrieved April 29, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/16/content_520680.htmRossella Lorenzi ( June 7, 2012 ) . Great Wall of China Twice every bit long as idea,Discovery NewsRetrieved April 29, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/great-wall-china-long-120607.htmRegulations on the Protection of The Great Wall,a?-a ¤Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a?†¹e†¹Ã‚ ±?-†¡c ¶?Retrieved April 29, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lawinfochina.com/display.aspx? lib=law & A ; id=5635 & A ; CGid= [ Kawun ] Travel China Guide ( 2011 ) .Great Wall Culture. Retrieved April 28, 2015 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/culture/ China Highlights ( 2011 ) .Great Wall Culture. Retrieved April 28, 2015 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chinahighlights.com/greatwall/culture/ Chen, A. ( 2014 ) . China Travel Page.Cultural Significance of the Great Wall of China. Retrieved April 28, 2015 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chinatravelpage.com/cultural-significance-of-the-great-wall-of-china Chiu, L. ( n.d. ) , Chinese Culture. InThe Chinese National Anthem. Retrieved April 28, 2015 from hypertext transfer protocol: //chineseculture.about.com/od/musicinchina/a/Nationalanthem.htm

The Irony Of Liberation Essays - Fiction, Imagination, Free Essays

The Irony Of Liberation Essays - Fiction, Imagination, Free Essays The Irony Of Liberation Though this paper had a few punctuation problems, I made a B+ on it and this is a sophmore level class. The Irony of Liberation When the liberators came, they came with hope of eliminating the torture and inhumanity the Nazi Germans were imposing on the Jews. Men and women came with the hope of releasing victims from the evil claw that had grasped Jews for so long. Some liberators came with the idea that the Jews would be given a new life, a life of freedom. However, freedom was far from what Jews were given after liberation. To the many Jews, who stood on the other side of the barbed wire fence, liberation was not a time to celebrate. Yet, it was a time to try to pick up what particles of life that remained. As Lucille Eichengreen explains in her testimonial story of liberation day, liberation was not about freedom. It was expected that there would be casualties of war. U.S and Russian army men had seen victims of war before[,] [RO] and nothing could be shocking. Or could it? As army men approached the barbed wire fences, many gasped in horror, turned their heads, and some men became sick. With their fingers ringed tightly around metal threads, Jewish souls stood, gazing at young healthy men. Empty eyes gazed back at these young and healthy bodies, bodies that were an inadvertent insult to the half-living. Time was motionless at one moment, and fast-forwarded the next. After all that had happened, were these victims really free? Was it a time to celebrate? Where would they go now? Who would take them? Much less, who would believe that such inhumanity happened? The looks received by nurses were not looks that showed sympathy, nor compassion, but instead offered back the images of Nazi ideology; the idea that Jews were filthy, weak and feeble people. And they were, but not by their own free will. Though color seemed to be restored as liberators approached, it also brought back the color of emotions. For so long, Jews had numbed themselves to the atrocities they faced each day. Being free now meant looking for remnants of life. For many, liberation was simply a reminder of all that was lost. Eichengreen explains, Despite our liberation, I was totally without hope (340). There were those who thought of their loved ones who fell victim to the wrath of Hitlers final solution. While others, especially children wondered who would care for them. Many felt guilty that they survived and their friends and family did not. For many, liberation was not an immediate invitation to a new life. Recalling liberation day, Eichgreen says, I had dreamed of a great party, with fanfare, music, dancing and fireworks. There was, however, only renewed sorrow for the dead and little hope for the living(342). Those who found the strength to journey back home were hit even harder by former neighbors. As former Jewish residents came home, many were told to leave, despite the liberation. There were also those less fortunate, who had no home to return to, known as Displaced Persons. Along with the displaced persons, lived Nazi sympathizers, who routinely practiced anti-Semitic behaviors. So again, the question arises: Were the Jews really liberated? Though all may have seemed lost, one must keep in mind that the Jews are survivors. And survive is what they did. Just shortly after liberation, Jewish strangers were marrying, children were born and life prevailed. Though Jewish people will never be liberated from the nightmares of Hitlers reign, perhaps the ability to replenish life through new birth, will. Bibliography Images from The Holocaust: A Literature Anthology Jean E. Brown, Elainw C. Stephens, Janet E. Rubin

Cómo sacar Número Seguro Social para niño y beneficios

Cà ³mo sacar Nà ºmero Seguro Social para nià ±o y beneficios   Los padres y madres de nià ±os que son ciudadanos americanos pueden solicitar su hijo un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social (SSN, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En este artà ­culo se explica cà ³mo sacarlo, distinguiendo los trmites segà ºn si se solicita en el momento del nacimiento o posteriormente o, incluso, en el caso de que el menor est fuera de los Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n se informa de para quà © sirve el SSN y cundo los menores pueden tener derechos a recibir un cheque de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social.  ¿Cà ³mo sacar Nà ºmero de Seguro Social para un nià ±o? Los trmites para sacar el SSN para un nià ±o depende de las circunstancias particulares de cada caso. Asà ­, si nace en Estados Unidos, lo ms conveniente es hacerlo al mismo tiempo que se aplica por el certificado de nacimiento (birth certificate). En ese momento se pregunta a los padres si desean pedir el Nà ºmero del Seguro Social para su recià ©n nacido. Si dicen que sà ­, el padre y la madre deben comunicar cul es su propio SSN, si no lo tienen o si solo lo tiene uno, no pasa nada. El bebà © tendr derecho a su tarjeta. A continuacià ³n, la oficina de de Rà ©cords Vitales del lugar de nacimiento se pone en contacto con la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social y à ©sta enviar la tarjeta por correo. Para evitar problemas, se recomienda que el nombre del bebà © està © en el buzà ³n de correos, ya que en algunos estados los carteros pueden no entregar la tarjeta si el nombre del destinatario no est incluido en el buzà ³n. Sin embargo, si el nià ±o  nace  en Estados Unidos pero se aplica por el Seguro Social en un momento posterior, habr que presentar los documentos siguientes: En primer lugar, debe completarse la planilla (forma) SS-5. En segundo lugar, debe probarse la ciudadanà ­a americana y  edad del menor para el que se pide el SSN. Generalmente puede utilizarse el certificado de nacimiento, pero tambià ©n son vlidos el reporte consular de nacimiento en el exterior, el pasaporte americano y los certificados de naturalizacià ³n o el de ciudadanà ­a. Tambià ©n debe probarse la identidad del menor. Para ello el documento que se prefiere es el pasaporte, si no lo hay puede presentarse el rà ©cord de la escuela o la tarjeta de identificacià ³n escolar, el certificado de adopcià ³n, rà ©cords de la clà ­nica en la que nacià ³n o rà ©cords bautismales Asimismo, debe probarse la identidad del padre, la madre o guardin legal que solicita la tarjeta para el nià ±o. Original o copia certificada, no se admiten fotocopias. Finalmente, si el menor ya ha cumplido los 12 aà ±os de edad, deber presentarse en persona en una oficina del Seguro Social  para ser entrevistado. En este caso la tarjeta del Seguro Social puede demorarse  tres meses. Si se trata de un nià ±o nacido fuera de Estados Unidos pero que es estadounidense porque uno o ambos de sus padres pueden transmitirle la nacionalidad se puede solicitar la tarjeta del SSN en el momento en el que se hace la cita con la embajada o consulado para solicitar el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior. El Reporte Consular es el documento que sirve para probar que ese nià ±o, nacido en el exterior, es estadounidense.  ¿Para quà © se utiliza el SSN de un nià ±o? Los nià ±os  no estn obligados a sacar un SSN. Pero es muy conveniente que lo tengan porque es necesario para, entre otras cosas: Desgravar por à ©l o ella a la hora de llenar las planillas de impuestos (income tax return)Para que puedan recibir beneficios del gobierno, como Medicaid, CHIP o cupones de alimentosPara abrir una cuenta bancaria a su nombrePara recibir pagos por parte de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social  ¿Cundo un nià ±o puede recibir un pago de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social? Los menores de 18 aà ±os que estn solteros pueden recibir un pago de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social si son cuidados por un padre, madre o uno de los abuelos y à ©stos fallecen, se jubilan o reciben beneficios por incapacidad (disability, en inglà ©s). El menor que est estudiando a tiempo completo en high school podrà ­a recibir ese pago mientras no cumpla los 19 aà ±os de edad. Adems, los menores que sufren una incapacidad podrà ­an recibir tambià ©n un pago. Dicho beneficio podrà ­a extenderse ms all de los 18 aà ±os siempre y cuando la incapacidad fuera declarada antes de cumplir los 22 aà ±os. 3 curiosidades sobre el SSN El Nà ºmero del Seguro Social es el mismo para toda la vida de una persona. No cambia, si bien en casos extraordinarios se puede solicitar un nà ºmero nuevo como, por ejemplo, si el solicitante ha sufrido un robo de identidad o en los casos de và ­ctimas de violencia para evitar que el abusador pueda encontrarlas. Es uno de los documentos que se admiten para completar la lista C del I-9, para probar que se puede trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos, excepto en lo casos de SSN emitidos en una tarjeta en la que se especifique not valid for employment. Finalmente, no es obligatorio llevar en todo momento la tarjeta. Por el contrario, es aconsejable dejarla en casa guardada en un lugar seguro. SSN y actividades ilegales Es ilegal cualquiera de las situaciones siguientes: Utilizar el SSN de otra personaMentir para obtener una tarjeta. Es un fraude de ley.Comprar, vender o de cualquier modo alterar o manipular la tarjeta del SSN. En caso de utilizacià ³n ilegal del nà ºmero de la tarjeta del seguro social de un menor, se puede denunciar  por internet en www.idtheft.gov o marcando al nà ºmero 1-877-438-4338. Puntos clave: Nà ºmero del Seguro Social para un nià ±o Los nià ±os no estn obligados a tener tarjeta del Nà ºmero del Seguro Social (SSN)Sin tarjeta SSN no es posible desgravar por un nià ±o ni los menores pueden cobrar beneficios como pagos de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social.El SSN para un menor puede solicitarse conjuntamente con el Certificado de Nacimiento, posteriormente o, en el caso de estadounidenses nacidos en el exterior, en el momento de registrarlos en el consulado solicitando el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior.Si se cree que se est haciendo un uso fraudulento del SSN de un menor, se puede denunciar marcando al 1-877-438-4338. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Visuals Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visuals Analysis - Essay Example In advertising, visual perception is very important. An advertisement can sell a product if has very good visuals and it is presented properly. A consumer’s visual perception can either make or break an advertisement. It can sell or not sell a product. Consumers will always understand a product or service more if there are visuals. Traditional methods of advertising a product may no longer be as effective as it was before. With the advancement in technology and the age of the internet, companies are becoming more creative in marketing their products. One of the latest trends in advertising nowadays is the use of optical illusions. Optical illusions use color, light and patterns which can create images that can be deceptive or misleading to our brains. The brain processes the information gathered by the eye, creating a perception which in reality does not match the true image (Optical Society of America, 2008). Some people view optical illusions as deceptive; thus, frown on it when used in advertisements. Still for others, optical illusions may be considered as creative marketing tools. Optical illusions are a great source of intrigue and entertainment making it an effective marketing tool.

Nursing Leadership & Management in Practice Essay

Nursing Leadership & Management in Practice - Essay Example Never for a moment should she let members of her staff forget that they are nursing human beings, not diseases. The patient is an individual, the member of a family and of the community. He may be intelligent or unintelligent, educated or uneducated, American or some other nationality, but he has feelings and emotions which influences his emotions which influences his attitudes and actions. Before working as a staff on a nursing care unit, the nurses generally completed their training in mentoring and nursing. Patients will be grateful to a thoughtful nurse who anticipates his personnel needs and remembers his individual preferences, nevertheless he should be given the opportunity to make further requests and to participate in the planning of his care if he is able and desires to do so. During convalescence or a long chronic illness, the patient needs something to occupy his mind, be its pleasant companions, reading, games handwork, or assisting with the work of the ward. He needs faith in his nurses, their knowledge and dependability of judgment. He needs the sense of security that comes from the feeling that are people are working together-doctor, nurses, maids, porters-and not at cross purposes. He needs the confidence which results from knowing that the entire nursing staff is interested in him, is sympatric and understanding, knows his needs, has plan for his care, and is doing everything in its power to help him regain and maintain his health. The patient who has required an injury or an illness which places permanent limitations on his activity or makes necessary a change in his pattern of living needs help in accepting the restrictions, help in marshalling his resources and finding was to live happily and usefully within the limits of its illness. The good nurse recognizes early any social and emotional factors which contribute to the patient's illness and its prolongation and which inhibit his peace of mind. Since man patients need more help than she is prepared to give, nurse refer them to another individual or agency for assistance when necessary. 2. Nursing - Leadership & Management in Practice Identification of Skills The responsible for a nurse lies on promoting finest health and for preventing ill health. Nurses occupy a primary role in assessing nursing requirements, considering their medical, emotional and family circumstances, then plan and deliver care in hospitals, outpatient departments and in transit between hospitals. Typical work activities will vary according to the role, but they can include: The Nursing process is often Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation EvaluationThe nurse through her close contact with the patients learns of social problems which may need to be referred to a medial social worker. She also is in position to recognize when the services of a public health nurse would be advantageous and is responsible for supplying the agency with sufficient accurate information. Many patients will feel to receive the necessary home care and supervision unless the hospital staff nurse is alert to his needs and his ability to met hem without help. Teaching of the patient about his condition, his care and the ways of attaining optimum health should begin as early in

Causes of Obesity in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Causes of Obesity in the USA - Research Paper Example Obesity is a health state typically caused by a mixture of unwarranted food energy ingestion, absence of physical activity, and genetic vulnerability. In certain situations, obesity is as a consequence of genes, endocrine turmoil, prescriptions or psychiatric ailments. There is also evidence to sustain this supposition that certain obese individuals ingest little. Nonetheless, they gain weight as a consequence of slow metabolism. Typically obese individuals have significant energy expenditure than skinny individuals as a result of energy needed to sustain a heightened body mass. Obesity also defines the condition of having at least over thirty percent of the idyllic body mass for an individual’s height. It describes the condition of having disproportionate amount of fat relative to one’s lean muscle in the body (Haslam and James 31). Obesity is a principal, avoidable cause of demise globally, with heightened frequency in adults and kids. Numerous authorities internation ally suppose that obesity is the most severe public health quandary. It is a condition extremely stigmatized in the contemporary world. In addition, obesity is usually perceived as a sign of affluence and fertility in certain regions of the globe. The causes and repercussions of obesity have brought about varied health calamities in this century. The most significant causes of this health condition are escalated blood sugar, consumption of wrong foods and limited exercise. These impacts usually result in increased medical expenses, unwarranted family costs, devastated lives and unhealthy kids. It also results in elevated rates of diabetes. The figures of individuals with diabetes in America are overwhelming. Obesity costs the nation a lot of cash as a consequence of heightened medical costs. America hosts the most obese individuals in the globe. This implies that two thirds of the American populace is overweight. There are varied components of contemporary life that have added to th e causes of this health condition and its detrimental impacts to people’s lives. However, there are interior mechanisms that have a significant impact including an individual’s appetite, metabolism as well as satiety from foodstuff. Varied individuals suppose that obesity is as a consequence of behavioral matters. Nonetheless, obesity could also result from hormonal as well as genetic quandaries, which develop insufficiencies in internal body operations causing obesity (Barness and Optiz 10). Causes of Obesity The foodstuffs individuals consume daily contribute to their well-being. These foods supplies with the crucial nutrients they require for vigorous bodies and the calories essential for energy. However, overconsumption of calories results in obesity. An individual gains weight when he or she consumes more calories than the body utilizes. The body, consequently, transforms these excess calories into fat. At the outset, fat cells augment in size. However, when these cannot expand anymore, their number escalates. This health state, nonetheless, has innumerable causes. This implies that age, sexual category, genes, ecological elements as well as psychological makeup might cause this medical condition. With regard to genes, obesity is an ailment that runs in family units. This is usually as a consequence of genes as well as mutual diet and lifestyle behavior. Another significant cause of obesity is emotions. Certain individuals overeat as a